Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plant life in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Kinds of the past genus Anomatheca are actually contained in Freesia. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped blossoms, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia kinds. Some other kinds are also harvested as ornamental crops.
They are herbaceous plant life which expand from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which delivers up a tuft of narrow leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of bouquets with six tepals. Many kinds have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blooms, although those previously placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have flat flowers. Freesias are being used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera kinds including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The crops usually called "freesias" derive from crosses manufactured in the 19th hundred years between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these species and the green- and yellow-flowered varieties of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have blooms which range from white to yellow, pink, red and blue-mauve. They may be mostly cultivated professionally in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Because of the specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in palm ointments, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the flowers are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the semester in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not fall below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is often cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it includes flat rather than cup-shaped flowers. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy cool dormancy which results in creation of buds in a predicted variety of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbal selections) are vegetation that have no consistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous plant life may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants expire completely by the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, plus they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plant life may have stems that pass away at the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant make it through under or near the ground from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they bloom and perish). New growth develops from living tissue left over on or under the ground, including root base, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial plant life are woody crops that have stems above ground that stay alive during the dormant season and develop shoots another time from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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