Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering vegetation in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is indigenous to the eastern part of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being found in Cape Provinces. Types of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The crops often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped bouquets, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia varieties. Some other species are also grown as ornamental vegetation.
They can be herbaceous crops which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which transmits up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm extra tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of plants with six tepals. Many types have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped bouquets, although those formerly positioned in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have flat flowers. Freesias are being used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera kinds including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plants usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these varieties and the red- and yellow-flowered types of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have blooms ranging from white to yellowish, pink, red and blue-mauve. They can be mostly cultivated skillfully in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are generally used in side lotions, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the plants are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the fall season in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not fall below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other species of the genus which is often cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat somewhat than cup-shaped bouquets. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the light bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy chilly dormancy which results in development of buds in just a predicted amount of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbal selections) are crops which may have no consistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous vegetation may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants expire completely at the end of the growing season or when they may have flowered and fruited, plus they then grow again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial crops may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant endure under or near the bottom from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they flower and expire). New development evolves from living cells left over on or under the bottom, including root base, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial vegetation are woody crops that have stems above earth that continue to be alive during the dormant season and develop shoots another year from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees, shrubs and vines.
Pink freesia flower, isolated on white — Stock Photo © belchonock
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