Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering vegetation in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and called after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern aspect of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Types of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The crops often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of lots of Freesia kinds. Some other species are also grown as ornamental crops.
They may be herbaceous plants which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of slim leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm high bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of plants with six tepals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped bouquets, although those formerly put in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have even flowers. Freesias are used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera kinds including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The vegetation usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses manufactured in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these kinds and the red- and yellow-flowered varieties of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have bouquets which range from white to yellowish, pink, red and blue-mauve. These are mostly cultivated skillfully in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Because of their specific and desirable scent, they are often used in side lotions, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the blossoms are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the street to redemption in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature will not show up below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring and coil in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other species of the genus which is often cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, they have flat somewhat than cup-shaped blossoms. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary methods to satisfy wintry dormancy which results in development of buds inside a predicted range of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply natural herbs) are crops which have no continual woody stem above surface. Herbaceous vegetation may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants perish completely by the end of the growing season or when they may have flowered and fruited, plus they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant make it through under or close to the ground from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they bloom and expire). New expansion develops from living cells remaining on or under the bottom, including root base, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at walk out) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Types of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody crops which have stems above earth that stay alive through the dormant season and grow shoots another time from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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