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Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering vegetation in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the past genus Anomatheca are actually included in Freesia. The vegetation often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped bouquets, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia types. Some other species are also produced as ornamental plants.

They can be herbaceous plant life which expand from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of narrow leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm extra tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six tepals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped bouquets, although those previously located in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have flat flowers. Freesias are being used as food vegetation by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellow Underwing.

CULTIVATION AND USES

The crops usually called "freesias" derive from crosses manufactured in the 19th hundred years between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these kinds and the red- and yellow-flowered varieties of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have blooms which range from white to yellowish, green, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated professionally in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be conveniently increased from seed. Because of their specific and desirable scent, they are generally used in side lotions, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the bouquets are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the semester in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature does not fall season below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring and coil in Zones 4-8.

Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other species of the genus which is often cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, they have flat rather than cup-shaped flowers. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy frigid dormancy which results in development of buds inside a predicted variety of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).

Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbal products) are crops that contain no persistent woody stem above earth. Herbaceous crops may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants perish completely by the end of the growing season or when they have got flowered and fruited, plus they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plant life may have stems that die by the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant endure under or near the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they blossom and pass away). New growth develops from living tissues left over on or under the ground, including root base, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at walk out) or various types of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody plants which have stems above surface that remain alive during the dormant season and develop shoots another yr from the above-ground parts - these include trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.

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