Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plant life in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being within Cape Provinces. Kinds of the past genus Anomatheca are actually contained in Freesia. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia varieties. Some other species are also expanded as ornamental vegetation.
They can be herbaceous plant life which grow from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm high bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of plants with six tepals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blossoms, although those previously placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have flat flowers. Freesias are being used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellow Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plants usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these types and the red- and yellow-flowered kinds of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have bouquets ranging from white to yellowish, green, red and blue-mauve. They can be mostly cultivated skillfully in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be easily increased from seed. Due to their specific and attractive scent, they are often used in side ointments, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the bouquets are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the fall in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature does not fall below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other kinds of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat somewhat than cup-shaped blooms. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the light bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy frosty dormancy which results in development of buds inside a predicted number of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbal selections) are plants which may have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous crops may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants pass away completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and they then increase again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that pass away at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or close to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they flower and expire). New expansion evolves from living tissue left over on or under the bottom, including root base, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial vegetation are woody plant life that have stems above ground that stay alive during the dormant season and grow shoots another year from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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