Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering crops in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern area of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being within Cape Provinces. Varieties of the former genus Anomatheca are now contained in Freesia. The plant life often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped plants, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia types. Some other species are also produced as ornamental vegetation.
They can be herbaceous plants which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of slim leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm high bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of blooms with six tepals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blooms, although those formerly placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have level flowers. Freesias are being used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The crops usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these species and the red- and yellow-flowered kinds of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have plants which range from white to yellowish, red, red and blue-mauve. They may be mostly cultivated appropriately in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in side lotions, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the plants are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the street to redemption in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature does not fall season below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the planting season in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it offers flat rather than cup-shaped blossoms. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the lights in proprietary methods to satisfy wintry dormancy which results in creation of buds within the predicted range of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbal products) are plants which may have no continual woody stem above ground. Herbaceous crops may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants perish completely by the end of the growing season or when they may have flowered and fruited, and they then grow again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial vegetation may have stems that pass away by the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant endure under or close to the ground from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they bloom and expire). New progress develops from living tissues left over on or under the bottom, including root base, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at walk out) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial plant life are woody crops that have stems above floor that stay alive through the dormant season and grow shoots another year from the above-ground parts - these include trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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