Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering vegetation in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and called after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern part of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being within Cape Provinces. Types of the ex - genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The crops commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped blooms, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia types. Some other types are also expanded as ornamental vegetation.
They are really herbaceous plants which increase from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which directs up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm large bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six tepals. Many kinds have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped flowers, although those formerly placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have even flowers. Freesias are used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellow Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The vegetation usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these species and the pink- and yellow-flowered types of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers which range from white to yellow, green, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated skillfully in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be conveniently increased from seed. Because of the specific and pleasing scent, they are generally used in hands products, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the plants are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the land in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature will not fall season below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the planting season in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, they have flat rather than cup-shaped blooms. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the light bulbs in proprietary methods to satisfy cold dormancy which results in development of buds in a predicted amount of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbal remedies) are plants which have no consistent woody stem above earth. Herbaceous plant life may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants die completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plant life may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant endure under or near to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they rose and pass away). New growth produces from living tissue staying on or under the bottom, including root base, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at walk out) or various types of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial crops are woody crops that have stems above floor that continue to be alive through the dormant season and grow shoots another time from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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