Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plant life in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern aspect of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being within Cape Provinces. Kinds of the former genus Anomatheca are now contained in Freesia. The plant life commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia kinds. Some other kinds are also grown as ornamental crops.
They are simply herbaceous vegetation which grow from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which sends up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six tepals. Many varieties have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blooms, although those previously placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have toned flowers. Freesias are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera varieties including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plants usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th hundred years between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these species and the green- and yellow-flowered forms of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have blossoms ranging from white to yellow, pink, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated professionally in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be commonly increased from seed. Due to their specific and attractive scent, they are generally used in hands ointments, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the plants are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the show up in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature does not fall below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other types of the genus which is often cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat rather than cup-shaped blossoms. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy wintry dormancy which results in creation of buds within a predicted amount of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbal selections) are crops that have no prolonged woody stem above floor. Herbaceous vegetation may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants die completely by the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, plus they then develop again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial crops may have stems that die by the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant survive under or near the ground from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they blossom and perish). New development builds up from living cells remaining on or under the ground, including origins, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at walk out) or various types of underground stems, such as lights, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Types of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial crops are woody plants which have stems above surface that remain alive through the dormant season and develop shoots the next year from the above-ground parts - these include trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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