Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering crops in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern area of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most kinds being found in Cape Provinces. Types of the previous genus Anomatheca are now contained in Freesia. The vegetation often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped bouquets, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia types. Some other varieties are also harvested as ornamental crops.
These are herbaceous plants which expand from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of narrow leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm large bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six tepals. Many varieties have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped plants, although those previously located in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have flat flowers. Freesias are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera varieties including Large Yellow Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The vegetation usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses made in the 19th hundred years between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these types and the red- and yellow-flowered forms of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have blossoms ranging from white to yellowish, red, red and blue-mauve. They may be mostly cultivated expertly in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be quickly increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in palm creams, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the plants are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the semester in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not land below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other types of the genus which is often cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, they have flat rather than cup-shaped blooms. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the lights in proprietary methods to satisfy cold dormancy which results in development of buds in just a predicted amount of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbal remedies) are crops that have no consistent woody stem above surface. Herbaceous vegetation may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants expire completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, and they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plant life may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant make it through under or close to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they bloom and perish). New expansion produces from living cells remaining on or under the bottom, including roots, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at walk out) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial vegetation are woody crops that have stems above floor that stay alive during the dormant season and expand shoots another season from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees, shrubs and vines.
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