Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being within Cape Provinces. Types of the former genus Anomatheca are actually contained in Freesia. The crops commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped blooms, are cultivated hybrids of lots of Freesia species. Some other types are also cultivated as ornamental plants.
They are herbaceous plants which expand from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which transmits up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of bouquets with six tepals. Many varieties have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped plants, although those formerly positioned in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have smooth flowers. Freesias are being used as food plant life by the larvae of some Lepidoptera kinds including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plants usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these types and the green- and yellow-flowered forms of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers ranging from white to yellow, pink, red and blue-mauve. They are really mostly cultivated skillfully in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be readily increased from seed. Due to their specific and attractive scent, they are often used in hand ointments, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the flowers are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the fall in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not fall below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the springtime in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat alternatively than cup-shaped plants. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the light bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy cool dormancy which results in creation of buds in a predicted variety of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbal products) are plants which may have no persistent woody stem above floor. Herbaceous plant life may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants expire completely at the end of the growing season or when they may have flowered and fruited, and they then grow again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that die by the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant endure under or close to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they blossom and expire). New progress develops from living tissues left over on or under the bottom, including root base, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial vegetation are woody crops which have stems above ground that continue to be alive during the dormant season and grow shoots the next year from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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