Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering crops in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern area of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the former genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The crops often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped bouquets, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia species. Some other types are also harvested as ornamental vegetation.
These are herbaceous plant life which expand from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which transmits up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm high bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of bouquets with six tepals. Many kinds have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blooms, although those formerly positioned in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have even flowers. Freesias are used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellow Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The crops usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these types and the green- and yellow-flowered types of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have blossoms which range from white to yellowish, red, red and blue-mauve. These are mostly cultivated professionally in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be immediately increased from seed. Due to their specific and satisfying scent, they are often used in side products, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the blooms are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the land in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not fall below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the planting season in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other species of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat alternatively than cup-shaped bouquets. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the light bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy wintry dormancy which results in creation of buds in a predicted range of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous plant life (in botanical use frequently simply natural remedies) are vegetation which may have no consistent woody stem above floor. Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants pass away completely by the end of the growing season or when they may have flowered and fruited, and they then increase again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial vegetation may have stems that pass away by the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant make it through under or near the bottom from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they rose and die). New expansion advances from living tissue remaining on or under the bottom, including origins, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial crops are woody plants that have stems above surface that remain alive through the dormant season and grow shoots the next 12 months from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees, shrubs and vines.
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