Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering crops in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most kinds being within Cape Provinces. Kinds of the previous genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The vegetation commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped plants, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia kinds. Some other species are also grown up as ornamental plant life.
They may be herbaceous vegetation which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which directs up a tuft of slim leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm large bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of bouquets with six tepals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blossoms, although those previously placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have even flowers. Freesias are being used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellow Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plant life usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these types and the pink- and yellow-flowered varieties of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have plants ranging from white to yellowish, red, red and blue-mauve. They can be mostly cultivated expertly in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be easily increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are generally used in palm ointments, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the plants are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the fall in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature will not fall below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the springtime in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other kinds of the genus which is often cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it includes flat rather than cup-shaped blooms. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy cool dormancy which results in development of buds within the predicted amount of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply natural remedies) are vegetation that contain no persistent woody stem above earth. Herbaceous crops may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants expire completely at the end of the growing season or when they have got flowered and fruited, and they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant endure under or near to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they rose and expire). New progress produces from living tissue left over on or under the ground, including root base, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at ground level) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial vegetation are woody vegetation that have stems above surface that stay alive through the dormant season and increase shoots another year from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees, shrubs and vines.
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