Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering crops in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern aspect of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most varieties being found in Cape Provinces. Varieties of the past genus Anomatheca are now contained in Freesia. The plants often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped blooms, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia varieties. Some other species are also grown up as ornamental vegetation.
These are herbaceous crops which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of narrow leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm high bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of plants with six tepals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blooms, although those previously placed in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have even flowers. Freesias are being used as food vegetation by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The crops usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these varieties and the pink- and yellow-flowered forms of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have blooms which range from white to yellowish, red, red and blue-mauve. They can be mostly cultivated expertly in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be commonly increased from seed. Because of the specific and pleasing scent, they are generally used in hand products, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the blossoms are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the semester in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature does not show up below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other species of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat alternatively than cup-shaped flowers. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary methods to satisfy frosty dormancy which results in development of buds in a predicted quantity of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbal products) are vegetation that have no persistent woody stem above floor. Herbaceous vegetation may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants perish completely at the end of the growing season or when they have got flowered and fruited, plus they then develop again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant survive under or near the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they flower and perish). New expansion advances from living cells left over on or under the bottom, including roots, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as lights, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Types of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody plants that have stems above surface that continue to be alive during the dormant season and grow shoots another 12 months from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees and shrubs, shrubs and vines.
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