Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern aspect of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most varieties being found in Cape Provinces. Varieties of the past genus Anomatheca are now contained in Freesia. The vegetation commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of lots of Freesia varieties. Some other species are also produced as ornamental plant life.
These are herbaceous vegetation which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which transmits up a tuft of small leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm high bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of plants with six tepals. Many types have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blooms, although those formerly positioned in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have level flowers. Freesias are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera types including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The vegetation usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses made in the 19th hundred years between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these varieties and the red- and yellow-flowered types of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have plants which range from white to yellow, green, red and blue-mauve. They are simply mostly cultivated professionally in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be quickly increased from seed. Due to their specific and desirable scent, they are often used in hand ointments, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the flowers are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the fall season in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not show up below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the planting season in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other types of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it includes flat rather than cup-shaped plants. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the lights in proprietary solutions to satisfy frigid dormancy which results in formation of buds inside a predicted volume of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbal remedies) are plant life that contain no consistent woody stem above surface. Herbaceous plant life may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants expire completely at the end of the growing season or when they have got flowered and fruited, plus they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plant life may have stems that die at the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant make it through under or near the bottom from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they flower and die). New expansion produces from living cells remaining on or under the bottom, including root base, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at walk out) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Types of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial crops are woody plant life which have stems above ground that remain alive during the dormant season and increase shoots the next time from the above-ground parts - these include trees, shrubs and vines.
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