Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It really is indigenous to the eastern area of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most types being within Cape Provinces. Kinds of the ex - genus Anomatheca are actually included in Freesia. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped blossoms, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia varieties. Some other kinds are also harvested as ornamental plants.
They can be herbaceous crops which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which directs up a tuft of slim leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of blossoms with six tepals. Many varieties have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped bouquets, although those previously put in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have even flowers. Freesias are used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellow Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The crops usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these varieties and the red- and yellow-flowered forms of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have plants which range from white to yellowish, green, red and blue-mauve. They are mostly cultivated skillfully in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be immediately increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in hands ointments, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the blooms are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the fall season in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not show up below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the springtime in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it offers flat alternatively than cup-shaped flowers. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the light bulbs in proprietary methods to satisfy wintry dormancy which results in creation of buds in a predicted variety of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbs) are crops that have no persistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous plant life may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants expire completely at the end of the growing season or when they have got flowered and fruited, plus they then develop again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plant life may have stems that die by the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant make it through under or near to the ground from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they flower and expire). New development evolves from living cells remaining on or under the ground, including root base, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at ground level) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as lights, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. By contrast, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody plants which have stems above ground that stay alive through the dormant season and grow shoots another year from the above-ground parts - these include trees, shrubs and vines.
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