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Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering vegetation in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern area of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most varieties being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the past genus Anomatheca are actually included in Freesia. The crops often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped blooms, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia species. Some other species are also grown as ornamental plants.

They are herbaceous crops which increase from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which directs up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm large bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of blooms with six tepals. Many varieties have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped blossoms, although those previously located in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have smooth flowers. Freesias are used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera varieties including Large Yellowish Underwing.

CULTIVATION AND USES

The plants usually called "freesias" derive from crosses manufactured in the 19th hundred years between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these types and the pink- and yellow-flowered kinds of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers which range from white to yellow, green, red and blue-mauve. They are simply mostly cultivated skillfully in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be conveniently increased from seed. Because of their specific and attractive scent, they are generally used in hand products, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the flowers are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the land in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not fall season below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Zones 4-8.

Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other types of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, they have flat alternatively than cup-shaped blossoms. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the light bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy chilly dormancy which results in development of buds within a predicted number of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).

Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply natural remedies) are plant life which may have no persistent woody stem above surface. Herbaceous vegetation may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants perish completely at the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, plus they then grow again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plant life may have stems that die by the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant endure under or near to the ground from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they rose and die). New development advances from living tissues remaining on or under the bottom, including roots, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at ground level) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial crops are woody vegetation that have stems above earth that continue to be alive through the dormant season and develop shoots the next year from the above-ground parts - these include trees, shrubs and vines.

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