Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plant life in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is local to the eastern area of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most varieties being found in Cape Provinces. Varieties of the former genus Anomatheca are actually contained in Freesia. The plants often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped bouquets, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia kinds. Some other types are also harvested as ornamental crops.
They are herbaceous crops which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which transmits up a tuft of narrow leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm extra tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of blossoms with six tepals. Many types have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped bouquets, although those formerly located in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have toned flowers. Freesias are being used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The crops usually called "freesias" derive from crosses made in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these kinds and the green- and yellow-flowered types of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers which range from white to yellowish, red, red and blue-mauve. These are mostly cultivated skillfully in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be easily increased from seed. Due to their specific and pleasing scent, they are often used in palm creams, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the flowers are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the show up in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature does not land below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, they have flat rather than cup-shaped bouquets. Extensive 'forcing' of the bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary methods to satisfy chilly dormancy which results in development of buds within a predicted range of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous vegetation (in botanical use frequently simply herbal selections) are vegetation that contain no prolonged woody stem above surface. Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants die completely at the end of the growing season or when they may have flowered and fruited, and they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial crops may have stems that die by the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant survive under or near to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they blossom and perish). New development evolves from living cells remaining on or under the bottom, including roots, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at walk out) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial vegetation are woody plants which have stems above earth that continue to be alive through the dormant season and expand shoots the next calendar year from the above-ground parts - these include trees, shrubs and vines.
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