Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering vegetation in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is indigenous to the eastern side of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Types of the previous genus Anomatheca are now included in Freesia. The vegetation commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped bouquets, are cultivated hybrids of lots of Freesia species. Some other species are also cultivated as ornamental plants.
They may be herbaceous crops which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of slim leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six tepals. Many types have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped flowers, although those formerly put in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have even flowers. Freesias are being used as food vegetation by the larvae of some Lepidoptera kinds including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plants usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses manufactured in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these types and the red- and yellow-flowered varieties of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers which range from white to yellowish, red, red and blue-mauve. They may be mostly cultivated properly in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be quickly increased from seed. Because of their specific and attractive scent, they are often used in side ointments, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the blooms are mainly used in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the fall season in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where in fact the temperature does not show up below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it offers flat rather than cup-shaped bouquets. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in two Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the lights in proprietary methods to satisfy cool dormancy which results in formation of buds in just a predicted range of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbal remedies) are plants which have no consistent woody stem above ground. Herbaceous vegetation may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants perish completely by the end of the growing season or when they may have flowered and fruited, plus they then expand again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial vegetation may have stems that die by the end of the growing season, but parts of the plant make it through under or near to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they flower and pass away). New progress produces from living tissue remaining on or under the bottom, including root base, a caudex (a thickened part of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as lights, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Types of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns and most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody plants that have stems above surface that remain alive through the dormant season and expand shoots another year from the above-ground parts - these include trees, shrubs and vines.
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