Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering vegetation in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and known as after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is indigenous to the eastern part of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the former genus Anomatheca are now contained in Freesia. The plants often called "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped blossoms, are cultivated hybrids of lots of Freesia species. Some other varieties are also grown up as ornamental vegetation.
They are herbaceous crops which develop from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which directs up a tuft of small leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm large bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of flowers with six tepals. Many types have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped flowers, although those previously located in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have flat flowers. Freesias are used as food plant life by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plant life usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses made in the 19th hundred years between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these varieties and the pink- and yellow-flowered kinds of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers which range from white to yellow, green, red and blue-mauve. These are mostly cultivated expertly in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be immediately increased from seed. Due to their specific and desirable scent, they are generally used in palm lotions, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the plants are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the land in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature does not show up below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Zones 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it has flat rather than cup-shaped plants. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the lights in proprietary solutions to satisfy frigid dormancy which results in formation of buds in a predicted variety of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous crops (in botanical use frequently simply herbal selections) are vegetation that contain no persistent woody stem above earth. Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants expire completely at the end of the growing season or when they have got flowered and fruited, and they then develop again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that pass away at the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant endure under or close to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they bloom and die). New development produces from living cells left over on or under the bottom, including origins, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at walk out) or numerous kinds of underground stems, such as lights, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Types of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial plant life are woody vegetation which have stems above floor that continue to be alive during the dormant season and develop shoots another year from the above-ground parts - these include trees, shrubs and vines.
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