Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Iridaceae, first described as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and called after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern area of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most species being found in Cape Provinces. Species of the former genus Anomatheca are actually included in Freesia. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of lots of Freesia species. Some other species are also expanded as ornamental crops.
They can be herbaceous crops which grow from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm diameter, which sends up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm tall bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of blossoms with six tepals. Many kinds have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped bouquets, although those formerly put in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have chiseled flowers. Freesias are being used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera types including Large Yellowish Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The plant life usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses manufactured in the 19th century between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these varieties and the pink- and yellow-flowered kinds of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have plants which range from white to yellow, green, red and blue-mauve. They can be mostly cultivated expertly in the Netherlands by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be easily increased from seed. Because of their specific and desirable scent, they are generally used in hand creams, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the blossoms are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They can be planted in the semester in USDA Hardiness Zones 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature will not land below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the springtime in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (formerly called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other varieties of the genus which is commonly cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, they have flat rather than cup-shaped plants. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the bulbs in proprietary methods to satisfy frosty dormancy which results in formation of buds within the predicted amount of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous vegetation (in botanical use frequently simply natural remedies) are crops which have no prolonged woody stem above floor. Herbaceous plant life may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Total annual herbaceous plants perish completely at the end of the growing season or when they have got flowered and fruited, plus they then develop again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial plants may have stems that pass away by the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant make it through under or near the bottom from season to season (for biennials, until the next growing season, when they flower and expire). New progress evolves from living cells staying on or under the ground, including root base, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as light bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Types of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial plants are woody crops that have stems above ground that remain alive through the dormant season and develop shoots another season from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees, shrubs and vines.
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