Freesia is a genus of herbaceous perennial flowering crops in the family Iridaceae, first referred to as a genus in 1866 by Chr. Fr. Echlon (1795-1868) and named after German botanist and doctor Friedrich Freese (1794-1878). It is native to the eastern aspect of southern Africa, from Kenya south to South Africa, most kinds being found in Cape Provinces. Types of the former genus Anomatheca are now contained in Freesia. The plants commonly known as "freesias", with fragrant funnel-shaped flowers, are cultivated hybrids of a number of Freesia kinds. Some other varieties are also grown up as ornamental plants.
They are really herbaceous vegetation which grow from a conical corm 1-2.5 cm size, which sends up a tuft of thin leaves 10-30 cm long, and a sparsely branched stem 10-40 cm high bearing a few leaves and a loose one-sided spike of blossoms with six tepals. Many species have fragrant narrowly funnel-shaped bouquets, although those formerly located in the genus Anomatheca, such as F. laxa, have smooth flowers. Freesias are being used as food crops by the larvae of some Lepidoptera varieties including Large Yellow Underwing.
CULTIVATION AND USES
The crops usually called "freesias" are derived from crosses manufactured in the 19th hundred years between F. refracta and F. leichtlinii. Numerous cultivars have been bred from these species and the pink- and yellow-flowered varieties of F. corymbosa. Modern tetraploid cultivars have flowers ranging from white to yellowish, red, red and blue-mauve. They are really mostly cultivated professionally in holland by about 80 growers.[3] Freesias can be easily increased from seed. Because of the specific and satisfying scent, they are often used in hand lotions, shampoos, candles, etc.[citation needed], however, the blossoms are mainly utilized in wedding bouquets. They could be planted in the semester in USDA Hardiness Areas 9-10 (i.e. where the temperature does not show up below about -7 ?C (20 ?F)), and in the spring in Areas 4-8.
Freesia laxa (previously called Lapeirousia laxa or Anomatheca cruenta) is one of the other species of the genus which is often cultivated. Smaller than the scented freesia cultivars, it offers flat rather than cup-shaped blooms. Extensive 'forcing' of this bulb occurs in Half Moon Bay in California where several growers chill the light bulbs in proprietary solutions to satisfy frosty dormancy which results in development of buds in just a predicted quantity of weeks - often 5 weeks at 55 ?F (13 ?C).
Herbaceous plants (in botanical use frequently simply herbal products) are plants which may have no persistent woody stem above earth. Herbaceous plants may be annuals, biennials or perennials. Annual herbaceous plants expire completely by the end of the growing season or when they have flowered and fruited, plus they then increase again from seed. Herbaceous perennial and biennial vegetation may have stems that die by the end of the growing season, but elements of the plant survive under or near to the bottom from season to season (for biennials, before next growing season, when they blossom and perish). New growth produces from living cells remaining on or under the bottom, including origins, a caudex (a thickened portion of the stem at ground level) or various types of underground stems, such as bulbs, corms, stolons, rhizomes and tubers. Examples of herbaceous biennials include carrot, parsnip and common ragwort; herbaceous perennials include potato, peony, hosta, mint, most ferns & most grasses. In comparison, non-herbaceous perennial crops are woody plant life which have stems above surface that stay alive through the dormant season and expand shoots another year from the above-ground parts - included in these are trees, shrubs and vines.
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